ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ – ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”

ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืื™ืจื—ื” ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื›ื ืก ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืžืคื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ืœื.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ื›ื ืก ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”-5 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ "ืกืคืง" ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•, ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”, ย ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื 16-19 ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื: "ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ โ€“ ืžืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœื”: ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช". ื”ื›ื ืก ืื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื, ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื, ืืงื“ืžืื™ื, ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืกืš ื‘ื›ื–ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืกื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืž-HIV, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืื˜ืœืก ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœ-2014 ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ (WHO).

"ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ืขืฆื‘ ื•ื ื˜ืžื™ืข ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืกื‘ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื." ืืžืจื” ืฉืจื” ืื•ืคื ื“ื™, ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”.

"ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-18 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืกื‘ืœื. 40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืชื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืคื ื™ื™ื. ืจืง 14% ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืจืง 10% ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ." ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ืฉืจื”. ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื— ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1993 ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืš ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืกื‘ืœื ื‘ืกื•ืคื ืฉืœ ืืœื•.

 

ืžืืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ

ืขืดืฉ ื ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืดืœ

โ€œืืชื ืœื ืœื‘ื“โ€, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืกื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก.

ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ืชืช 1994 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืœื™ื“ืช ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืืจื”ืดื‘.
ื ื ืกื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืคืื” ืคื ื™ืžืื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื—ืชื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืขืœืชื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977 ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืดืžื’ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืื“ื•ืืด ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 1982. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฆืื” ืœืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื ื™ื”ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืกื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื

ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก

ืขืžื•ืชืช ืดื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸืด

โ€œืืชื ืœื ืœื‘ื“โ€, ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืžื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืกื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก. ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1994 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื ื ืกื™ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืœื™ื“ืช ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืืจื”ืดื‘. ื ื ืกื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ืคืื” ืคื ื™ืžืื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืžื—ืชื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืขืœืชื” ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1977 ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืดืžื’ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืื“ื•ืืด ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 1982. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฆืื” ืœืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื ื™ื”ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืกื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ืขืžื•ืชืช ืดื”ื•ืกืคื™ืก ื’ืœื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸืด